The funding data service lets members register funding source information for content items deposited with Crossref.
Funders can be represented three ways: 1) the ROR id, 2) the funder name, or 3) the funder name nested with the funder identifier. Since the Open Funder Registry is transitioning into ROR, using the ROR id to identify funders is the preferred method.
If you are not using a ROR id, funding metadata must include the name of the funding organization and the funder identifier (where the funding organization is listed in the Registry), and should include an award/grant number or grant identifier. Funder names should only be deposited without the accompanying ID if the funder is not found in the Registry. While members can deposit the funder name without the identifier, those records will not be considered valid until such a time as the funder is added to the database and they are redeposited (updated) with an ID. What that means is that they will not be found using the filters on funding information that we support via our REST API, or show up in our Open Funder Registry search.
Correct nesting of funder names and identifiers is essential as it significantly impacts how funders, funder identifiers, and award numbers are related to each other. If you use the ROR id to identify funders, this nesting is not neccessary and invalid.
Here are some examples in order of most to least preferred:
Correct: In this example, funder “National Science Foundation” is associated with the ROR id https://ror.org/021nxhr62. No name should be added.
<fr:assertion name="ror">https://ror.org/021nxhr62</fr:assertion>
Correct: In this example, funder “National Science Foundation” is associated with the funder identifier https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001
<fr:assertion name="funder_name">National Science Foundation
<fr:assertion name="funder_identifier">https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001</fr:assertion>
</fr:assertion>
Correct: In this example, funder “National Science Foundation” is only identified by name.
<fr:assertion name="funder_name">National Science Foundation</fr:assertion>
Incorrect: Here, the funder name and funder identifier are not nested - these assertions will be indexed as separate funders.
<fr:assertion name="funder_name">National Science Foundation</assertion>
<fr:assertion name="funder_identifier">https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001</fr:assertion>
Incorrect: Here, the funder name and ROR id will be indexed as separate funders.
<fr:assertion name="funder_name">National Science Foundation</assertion>
<fr:assertion name="ror">https://ror.org/021nxhr62</fr:assertion>
Incorrect: Here, the funder name and ROR id are nested - this is invalid.
<fr:assertion name="funder_name">National Science Foundation
<fr:assertion name="ror">https://ror.org/021nxhr62</fr:assertion>
</assertion>
Funding data deposit with two fundgroups:
The <fr:program> element in the deposit schema section (see documentation) supports the import of the fundref.xsd schema (see documentation). The fundref namespace (xmlns:fr=https://www.crossref.org/fundref.xsd) must be included in the schema declaration, for example:
<doi_batch xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/4.4.2 https://data.crossref.org/schemas/crossref4.4.2.xsd"
xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/4.4.2" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1"
xmlns:fr="http://www.crossref.org/fundref.xsd" xmlns:ai="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" version="4.4.2">
The fundref.xsd consists of a series of nested <fr:assertion> tags with enumerated name attributes. The name attributes are:
fundgroup: used to group a funder and its associated award number(s) for items with multiple funders.ror: identifier of the funding agency as it appears in the Research Organization Registry (ROR). To be used instead of nested funder_name and funder_identifier.funder_name: name of the funding agency as it appears in the funding Registry. Funder names that do not match those in the registry will be accepted to cover instances where the funding organization is not listed.funder_identifier: funding agency identifier in the form of a DOI, must be nested within the funder_name assertion. The funder_identifier must be taken from the funding Registry and cannot be created by the member. Deposits without funder_identifier or ror do not qualify as funding records.award_number: grant number or other fund identifierror or funder_name and funder_identifier must be present in a deposit where the funding body is listed in the Open Funder Registry. Multiple funder_name, funder_identifier, and award_number assertions may be included.A relationship between a single funder and an award_number is established by including assertions with a <fr:program>.
In this example, funder National Institute on Drug Abuse with ROR id https://ror.org/00fq5cm18 is associated with award number JQY0937263:
<fr:program name="fundref">
<fr:assertion name="ror">https://ror.org/00fq5cm18</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">JQY0937263</fr:assertion>
</fr:program>
In this example, funder National Institute on Drug Abuse with funder identifier https://doi.org/10.13039/100000026 is associated with award number JQY0937263:
<fr:program name="fundref">
<fr:assertion name="funder_name">National Institute on Drug Abuse
<fr:assertion name="funder_identifier">https://doi.org/10.13039/100000026</fr:assertion>
</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">JQY0937263</fr:assertion>
</fr:program>
If multiple funder and award combinations exist, each combination should be deposited within a fundgroup to ensure that the award number is associated with the appropriate funder(s). In this example, two funding groups exist:
<fr:program name="fundref">
<fr:assertion name="fundgroup">
<fr:assertion name="ror">https://ror.org/021nxhr62</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">CBET-106</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">CBET-7259</fr:assertion>
</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="fundgroup">
<fr:assertion name="funder_name">Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
<fr:assertion name="funder_identifier">https://doi.org/10.13039/100006151</fr:assertion>
</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">1245-ABDS</fr:assertion>
</fr:assertion>
</fr:program>
Items with multiple funder names but no award numbers may be deposited without a fundgroup.
At a minimum, a funding data deposit must contain either a ror or a funder_name and funder_identifier assertion, and using the ROR id is preferred. Deposits with just an award_number assertion are not allowed. A ror or nested funder_name\funder_identifier and award_number should be included in deposits whenever possible. If a ROR id is used, it should not include a funder_name or funder_identifier.
If the funder name cannot be matched in ROR or the Open Funder Registry, you may submit funder_name only, and the funding body will be reviewed and considered for addition to the official Registry. Until it is added to the Registry, the deposit will not be considered a valid funding record and will not appear in funding search or the REST API.
As demonstrated in Example 3 below, items with several award numbers associated with a single funding organization should be grouped together by enclosing the funder_name, funder_identifier, and award_number(s) within a fundgroup assertion.
Some rules will be enforced by the deposit logic, including:
<fr:assertion> elements: the schema allows infinite nesting of the assertion element to accommodate nesting of an element within itself. Deposit code will only allow 3 levels of nesting (with attribute values of fundgroup, funder_name, and funder_identifier)<fr:assertion> elements: funder_name, funder_identifier, and award_number may have deposit rules imposedfunder_identifier value will be compared against the Open Funder Registry file. If the funder_identifier is not found, the deposit will be rejected.If funding metadata is incorrect or out-of-date, it may be updated by redepositing the metadata. Be sure to redeposit all available metadata for an item, not just the elements being updated. A DOI may be updated without resubmitting funding metadata, as previously deposited funding metadata will remain associated with the DOI.
Funding metadata may be deleted by redepositing an item with an empty <fr:program name="fundref"> element:
<publication_date media_type="print">
<year>2011</year>
</publication_date>
<pages>
<first_page>15</first_page>
</pages>
<fr:program name="fundref" />
<doi_data>
<doi>10.5555/cm_test_1.1</doi>
<resource>https://www.crossref.org/crossmark/index.html</resource>
</doi_data>
The <fr:program> element captures funding data. It should be placed before the <doi_data> element. This deposit contains minimal funding data - one ror must be present; it is recommended over using funder_name and funder_identifier.
<fr:program name="fundref">
<fr:assertion name="ror">https://ror.org/021nxhr62</fr:assertion>
</fr:program>
This example contains one funder_name and one funder_identifier. Note that the funder_identifier is nested within the funder_name assertion, establishing https://doi.org/10.13039.100000001 as the funder identifier for funder name National Science Foundation. Two award numbers are present.
<fr:program name="fundref">
<fr:assertion name="funder_name">National Science Foundation
<fr:assertion name="funder_identifier">https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001</fr:assertion>
</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">CBET-106</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">CBET-7259</fr:assertion>
</fr:program>
This example contains one ror (for the National Science Foundation) and one funder_name/identifier (for Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy) with two award_numbers for each funder. Each funding organization is within its own fundgroup.
<fr:program name="fundref">
<fr:assertion name="fundgroup">
<fr:assertion name="ror">https://ror.org/021nxhr62</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">CBET-106</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">CBET-7259</fr:assertion>
</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="fundgroup">
<fr:assertion name="funder_name">Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
<fr:assertion name="funder_identifier">https://doi.org/10.13039/100006151</fr:assertion>
</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">1245-ABDS</fr:assertion>
<fr:assertion name="award_number">98562-POIUB</fr:assertion>
</fr:assertion>
</fr:program>