Article · March 2025
Published in Science Editor (Vol. 48, No. 1, March 2025), this feature article uses 25 years of scholarly metadata history as a lens to look forward. The authors trace the journey from Crossref’s first DOIs in 2000 — when records carried little more than journal title, author, volume, issue, and page number — to today’s Research Nexus of 30+ output types and rich relationships between works, people, organisations, and funders. They then sketch what scholarly metadata might look like in 2050.
Strategists
Understand where scholarly metadata is heading.
A long-view perspective on how the Research Nexus reshapes what gets counted, assessed, and valued in scholarship over the next 25 years.
Decision-makers
Plan for richer assessment beyond publication counts.
The authors anticipate research evaluation shifting toward practices, broader impact, and the wider set of activities around research — not just papers.
Practitioners
Prepare for new output types and tighter relationships.
Computational notebooks, AI-assisted research, and immersive scholarly outputs will need persistent identifiers and structured relationships if they are to participate in the record.
What this article covers
- Looking back to look forward — how Crossref metadata grew from a handful of bibliographic fields in 2000 to over 30 research output types and rich relationship data today
- The Research Nexus concept — the “complex, evolving network of objects, along with descriptions of how they relate”, and why this framing now underpins scholarly infrastructure
- PIDs as the backbone — how DOIs, ORCID iDs, ROR IDs, and other persistent identifiers make the Research Nexus tractable at scale
- Research Nexus in 2050 — emerging output types (computational notebooks, virtual and augmented reality experiences, AI-assisted research) and what they require from metadata infrastructure
- Beyond publication counts — a future where assessment recognises research practices, broader impact, and activities alongside research, not just published papers
- Challenges ahead — cultural resistance to open-data defaults, the financial sustainability of open infrastructure, and the importance of globally inclusive systems that resist regionalisation and fragmentation
Read the article